Creating PMTiles

Tippecanoe

Tippecanoe is the supported tool for converting datasets into tiles. Tippecanoe version 2.17 and later supports direct PMTiles output.

An example of how to convert a Shapefile: US Census Bureau Tabulation Areas in two steps, using GDAL's ogr2ogr command line tool:

ogr2ogr -t_srs EPSG:4326 cb_2018_us_zcta510_500k.json cb_2018_us_zcta510_500k.shp
# Creates a layer in the vector tiles named "zcta"
tippecanoe -zg --projection=EPSG:4326 -o cb_2018_us_zcta510_500k_nolimit.pmtiles -l zcta cb_2018_us_zcta510_500k.json

To merge multiple pmtiles files into a single file use tile-join tool, which is shipped with Tippecanoe

# Merge all PMTiles files in current folder into single file
tile-join -o merged.pmtiles *.pmtiles

MBTiles

the pmtiles command line tool converts MBTiles to PMTiles with this command:

pmtiles convert INPUT.mbtiles OUTPUT.pmtiles

GeoTIFF

The rio-pmtiles package is a plugin for the Rasterio python library and CLI.

Using a file from OSGeo's GeoTIFF samples:

# convert single-band to 3-band RGB GeoTIFF
gdal_translate -expand rgb input.tif input_rgb.tif

pip install rio-pmtiles

rio pmtiles input_rgb.tif output.pmtiles --format PNG --resampling bilinear

Options:

• --format: One of PNG (lossless), JPEG, WEBP. JPEG is fastest to generate. Default WEBP.
• --tile-size: the dimensions in pixels. 512 is recommended for displaying in MapLibre GL. default 512.
• --resampling: Choose nearest for discrete data. Default bilinear.
• --silent: Don't show a progress bar.
• --zoom-levels: Specify a range 10..12 to only generate those zoom levels. By default, generates all levels between 0 and the level to capture the full detail of the input.
• --help: Show other advanced options and GDAL flags.

GDAL

GDAL has native support for PMTiles starting with version 3.8.0 (2023-11-13), see gdal.org/drivers/vector/pmtiles for details.

Using ogr2ogr to create vector PMTiles is recommended only for smaller datasets: the tippecanoe tool creates much more efficient overview tiles.

GDAL's ogr2ogr tool supports a wide range of formats as input for creating PMTiles. Below are examples of generating PMTiles from a Shapefile or multiple PostgreSQL/PostGIS tables.

# Convert shapefile to pmtiles
ogr2ogr -dsco MINZOOM=10 -dsco MAXZOOM=15 -f "PMTiles" filename.pmtiles my_shapes.shp

# Merge all PostgreSQL/PostGIS tables in a schema into a single PMTiles file.
ogr2ogr -dsco MINZOOM=0 -dsco MAXZOOM=15 -f "PMTiles" filename.pmtiles "PG:host=my_host port=my_port dbname=my_database user=my_user password=my_password schemas=my_schema"

• MAXZOOM=15 is sufficient for street-level mapping. Choosing less detail with a lower MAXZOOM will reduce the size of the final file.

protomaps/basemaps

The basemaps repository on GitHub contains a java Planetiler profile for generating planet-scale PMTiles from OpenStreetMap. The layers in this tileset are documented at Basemap Layers and daily builds can be downloaded for free from maps.protomaps.com/builds.

Run the basemaps program on your own computer to modify the layers or generate only one specific area.

Tilemaker

Tilemaker is a program for creating basemap tilesets from OpenStreetMap, though not ones that match the layers in the Protomaps Basemap Layers. The PMTiles archives that Tilemaker produces are currently not clustered, which may result in large, slower fetches when decoding in a web browser. For production use you should optimize the archive with pmtiles cluster.